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Glossário

  • The Graph: Um protocolo descentralizado para indexação e query de dados.

  • Query: A request for data. In the case of The Graph, a query is a request for data from a Subgraph that will be answered by an Indexer.

  • GraphQL: A query language for APIs and a runtime for fulfilling those queries with your existing data. The Graph uses GraphQL to query Subgraphs.

  • Endpoint: A URL that can be used to query a Subgraph. The testing endpoint for Subgraph Studio is https://api.studio.thegraph.com/query/<ID>/<SUBGRAPH_NAME>/<VERSION> and the Graph Explorer endpoint is https://gateway.thegraph.com/api/<API_KEY>/subgraphs/id/<SUBGRAPH_ID>. The Graph Explorer endpoint is used to query Subgraphs on The Graph’s decentralized network.

  • Subgraph: An open API that extracts data from a blockchain, processes it, and stores it so that it can be easily queried via GraphQL. Developers can build, deploy, and publish Subgraphs to The Graph Network. Once it is indexed, the Subgraph can be queried by anyone.

  • Indexador: Um participante da rede que executa nodes de indexação para indexar dados de blockchains e servir queries da GraphQL.

  • Fluxos de Receita de Indexadores: Os Indexadores são recompensados em GRT com dois componentes: Rebates de taxa de query e recompensas de indexação.

    1. Query Fee Rebates: Payments from Subgraph consumers for serving queries on the network.

    2. Indexing Rewards: The rewards that Indexers receive for indexing Subgraphs. Indexing rewards are generated via new issuance of 3% GRT annually.

  • **Auto-Stake (Stake Próprio) do Indexador: A quantia de GRT que os Indexadores usam para participar na rede descentralizada. A quantia mínima é 100.000 GRT, e não há limite máximo.

  • Capacidade de Delegação: A quantia máxima de GRT que um Indexador pode aceitar dos Delegantes. Os Indexadores só podem aceitar até 16 vezes o seu Auto-Stake, e mais delegações resultam em recompensas diluídas. Por exemplo: se um Indexador tem um Auto-Stake de 1 milhão de GRT, a capacidade de delegação é 16 milhões. Porém, os Indexadores só podem aumentar a sua Capacidade de Delegação se aumentarem também o seu Auto-Stake.

  • Upgrade Indexer: An Indexer designed to act as a fallback for Subgraph queries not serviced by other Indexers on the network. The upgrade Indexer is not competitive with other Indexers.

  • Delegator: Network participants who own GRT and delegate their GRT to Indexers. This allows Indexers to increase their stake in Subgraphs on the network. In return, Delegators receive a portion of the Indexing Rewards that Indexers receive for processing Subgraphs.

  • Taxa de Delegação: Uma taxa de 0,5% paga por Delegantes quando delegam GRT a Indexadores. O GRT usado para pagar a taxa é queimado.

  • Curator: Network participants that identify high-quality Subgraphs, and signal GRT on them in exchange for curation shares. When Indexers claim query fees on a Subgraph, 10% is distributed to the Curators of that Subgraph. There is a positive correlation between the amount of GRT signaled and the number of Indexers indexing a Subgraph.

  • Curation Tax: A 1% fee paid by Curators when they signal GRT on Subgraphs. The GRT used to pay the fee is burned.

  • Data Consumer: Any application or user that queries a Subgraph.

  • Subgraph Developer: A developer who builds and deploys a Subgraph to The Graph’s decentralized network.

  • Subgraph Manifest: A YAML file that describes the Subgraph’s GraphQL schema, data sources, and other metadata. Here⁠ is an example.

  • Epoch: Uma unidade de tempo na rede. Um epoch atualmente dura 6.646 blocos, ou cerca de um dia.

  • Allocation: An Indexer can allocate their total GRT stake (including Delegators’ stake) towards Subgraphs that have been published on The Graph’s decentralized network. Allocations can have different statuses:

    1. Active: An allocation is considered active when it is created onchain. This is called opening an allocation, and indicates to the network that the Indexer is actively indexing and serving queries for a particular Subgraph. Active allocations accrue indexing rewards proportional to the signal on the Subgraph, and the amount of GRT allocated.

    2. Closed: An Indexer may claim the accrued indexing rewards on a given Subgraph by submitting a recent, and valid, Proof of Indexing (POI). This is known as closing an allocation. An allocation must have been open for a minimum of one epoch before it can be closed. The maximum allocation period is 28 epochs. If an Indexer leaves an allocation open beyond 28 epochs, it is known as a stale allocation. When an allocation is in the Closed state, a Fisherman can still open a dispute to challenge an Indexer for serving false data.

  • Subgraph Studio: A powerful dapp for building, deploying, and publishing Subgraphs.

  • Pescadores: Um papel na Graph Network cumprido por participantes que monitoram a precisão e integridade dos dados servidos pelos Indexadores. Quando um Pescador identifica uma resposta de query ou uma POI que acreditam ser incorreta, ele pode iniciar uma disputa contra o Indexador. Se a disputa der um veredito a favor do Pescador, o Indexador é cortado, ou seja, perderá 2.5% do seu auto-stake de GRT. Desta quantidade, 50% é dado ao Pescador como recompensa pela sua vigilância, e os 50% restantes são retirados da circulação (queimados). Este mecanismo é desenhado para encorajar Pescadores a ajudar a manter a confiança na rede ao garantir que Indexadores sejam responsabilizados pelos dados que providenciam.

  • Árbitros: Participantes da rede apontados por um processo de governança. O Árbitro decide o resultado de disputas de indexação e consultas, e a sua meta é maximizar a utilidade e confiança da Graph Network.

  • Corte: Os Indexadores podem tomar cortes no seu self-stake de GRT por fornecer uma prova de indexação (POI) incorreta ou servir dados imprecisos. A percentagem de corte é um parâmetro do protocolo, atualmente configurado em 2,5% do auto-stake de um Indexador. 50% do GRT cortado vai ao Pescador que disputou os dados ou POI incorretos. Os outros 50% são queimados.

  • Indexing Rewards: The rewards that Indexers receive for indexing Subgraphs. Indexing rewards are distributed in GRT.

  • Recompensas de Delegação: As recompensas que os Delegantes recebem por delegar GRT a Indexadores, distribuídas em GRT.

  • GRT: O token de utilidade do The Graph, que oferece incentivos económicos a participantes da rede por contribuir.

  • Proof of Indexing (POI): When an Indexer closes their allocation and wants to claim their accrued indexing rewards on a given Subgraph, they must provide a valid and recent POI. Fishermen may dispute the POI provided by an Indexer. A dispute resolved in the Fisherman’s favor will result in slashing of the Indexer.

  • Graph Node: Graph Node is the component that indexes Subgraphs and makes the resulting data available to query via a GraphQL API. As such it is central to the Indexer stack, and correct operation of Graph Node is crucial to running a successful Indexer.

  • Indexer agent: The Indexer agent is part of the Indexer stack. It facilitates the Indexer’s interactions onchain, including registering on the network, managing Subgraph deployments to its Graph Node(s), and managing allocations.

  • The Graph Client: Uma biblioteca para construir dApps baseados em GraphQL de maneira descentralizada.

  • Graph Explorer: A dapp designed for network participants to explore Subgraphs and interact with the protocol.

  • Graph CLI: Uma ferramenta de interface de comando de linha para construções e lançamentos no The Graph.

  • Período de Recarga: O tempo restante até que um Indexador que mudou os seus parâmetros de delegação possa fazê-lo novamente.

  • L2 Transfer Tools: Smart contracts and UI that enable network participants to transfer network related assets from Ethereum mainnet to Arbitrum One. Network participants can transfer delegated GRT, Subgraphs, curation shares, and Indexer’s self-stake.

  • Updating a Subgraph: The process of releasing a new Subgraph version with updates to the Subgraph’s manifest, schema, or mappings.

  • Migrating: The process of curation shares moving from an old version of a Subgraph to a new version of a Subgraph (e.g. when v0.0.1 is updated to v0.0.2).